Synthesis of nanofiber is one of the nanotechnology fields that has been growing until now. Nanofiber is a fiber structure with range 1 nanometer to 1 micrometer size diameter. The synthesis of nanofibers aims to obtain the benefits of physical and chemical properties that has more advantages than bulk material. Polymers, both natural and synthetic, are the primary material utilized in the synthesis of nanofibers. Recently, various nanofibers have been developed made of carbon-based materials and composite materials.

Research on nanofibers has developed rapidly in recent years. The nanofibers are commonly used in biomedical, energy, water and environment. In biomedical, nanofibers can be applied for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, wound dressing, drug delivery and biosensors. Furthermore, in the field of energy nanofibers can be applied to batteries and fuel cells, supercapacitors, solar cells, hydrogen storage and generation, and piezoelectricity. As for the environment, it can be applied for ultrafiltration, water treatment, photocatalysis, chemical and gas sensing.